This article covers the symptoms and types of fever, causes of fever, how to treat fever, and when to get help.
Symptoms of Fever
In addition to a temperature of about 99 degrees, a fever can also include the following symptoms:
Chills and shiversExcessive sweatingFatigueJoint, bone, or back painHeadacheDehydration
In children, symptoms of fever can include:
Lower activity levels and staying quietFussinessIncreased thirst and less hungerFeeling warm
For about 3% of children aged 6 months to 5 years old, seizures called febrile convulsions can occur with a fever. Children who experience febrile convulsions usually outgrow them by 5 years of age.
Causes of Fever
Fever is usually a result of the immune system’s fighting off an infection. The most common causes of fever are:
Cold Flu Sinus infections Ear infections Mononucleosis Pneumonia Bacterial or viral gastroenteritis (bacteria or virus in the intestines) Appendicitis Meningitis Skin infections Other bacterial infections
Other causes of fever include:
Urinary tract infections Overdressing, especially for younger children or infants Vaccinations, which can cause one to two days of mild fever in children Autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus Early stage cancer Blood clots
What Medications Cause Fever?
“Drug fever” is the term for fever that is a side effect of a medication. Drug fever usually disappears soon after the medication is discontinued.
Medications that could cause fever include:
Anti-seizure medications H2-blockers, which reduce acid in the stomach Antibiotics Antihistamines
How to Treat Fever
Mild fevers are usually treated at home with:
RestGetting more fluids, which can include drinking soup broth or sucking on ice pops (avoid sports drinks or too much juice)Removing extra clothing or heavy blankets, especially for young children and infantsA lukewarm bath after medication
Medications to treat fever include:
Over-the-counter (OTC) fever-reducing medications like Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Advil (ibuprofen) taken as advised Aspirin (for adults only) Provider-approved medications for babies under 3 months of age
Complications and Risk Factors Associated with Fever
Fevers require medical attention if they’re between 100.4 and 102.2 degrees in children aged 0-24 monthshttps://cms.greenhouse.dotdash.com/edit/6544748 or between 103 and 105 degrees in older children and adults. If left untreated, complications of fever could include:
In 2%–5% of children under age 5, febrile seizures can occur with higher feversBrain damage with fevers of 107 degrees or higherBreathing issuesDeath
When to See a Healthcare Provider
Call your healthcare provider if a child:
Is 3 months or younger and has a rectal temperature of 100. 4 degrees or higherIs 3 month olds to 12 month olds and has a fever of 102. 2 degrees or higherIs younger than 2 and has a fever lasting longer than 24–48 hoursIs older and has a fever lasting 48–72 hoursHas a weakened immune systemHas other symptoms like a sore throat, cough, or earacheHas recently been to another country
Adults should see a healthcare provider if they:
Have a fever over 105 degreesHave a fever that lasts longer than 48–72 hoursHave new rashes or bruisesHave pain when urinatingHave a heart problem, lung problem, or sickle cell anemiaHave recently been to another country
Seek emergency medical attention for anyone of any age who has a fever and:
Can’t walkSeems confusedCan’t be awakened easily (if at all)Has blue lips, nails, or tongueHas a seizureHas breathing difficulty
Summary
Fever is a temporary rise in body temperature as it fights off an infection. In addition to a higher temperature, symptoms of fever can include chills, sweating, fatigue, and body pains. Causes of fever include bacterial or viral infections such as the flu or cold, overdressing, autoimmune disorders, and vaccinations. Some medications can also cause fevers.
Treating fever usually includes getting rest and drinking fluids while stabilizing body temperature with lighter clothes and blankets. OTC pain medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen can also be a part of the treatment.
A Word From Verywell
While having a fever can be disruptive and frustrating, it is a necessary part of fighting off infections. Most fevers are easily treatable with a bit of rest and a lot of fluids. With some time, you’ll likely feel like your normal self.
